Dictionary G
G
GAESHI (counter)
It means ‘counter’. For example, OSOTO-GAESHI means a counter to OSOTO-GARI. The counter action may be simple or even crude such as chopping away the supporting leg of UKE when he/she is in position for the throw. The word GAESHI in groundwork (KATAME-WAZA) may mean ‘turn over’. (See HANE-GOSHI-GAESHI, HARAI-GOSHI-GAESHI, HIKIKOMI-GAESHI, KO-UCHI-GAESHI, OSOTO-GAESHI, OUCHI-GAESHI, SUMI-GAESHI, TAWARA-GAESHI).
GAKE (hook)
GAKE involves blocking or fixing UKE’s leg or foot with TORI’s leg or foot, and at the same time pushing the upper part of UKE’s body backward over the block. In connection with OSOTO-GARI, the term OTOSHI (drop) is usually used. (See: KO-SOTO-GAKE, NIDAN-KO-SOTO-GAKE, OSOTO-GAKE, OUCHI-GAKE, YOKO-GAKE)
GAKKO
School
GAKKO KODOKAN (Kodokan Judo School)
GAKUSHU-IN
School founded in Kyoto by Emperor Nikko under the name Gakushujo to educate the children of the nobility. The school was established in Tokyo in 1877. KANO Jigoro (father of JUDO) was hired as a full-time isstructor at Gakushuin, the Peers’ School, in August of 1882 and launched on his parallel career as a professional educator. It was transformed into a private university in 1947 and now comprises, among other faculties, a well-known institute of Eastern studies. It has about 7,000 students.
GAMMEN TSUKI
Thrust-punch to face. A technique against unarmed attack (See /KODOKAN GOSHIN JUTSU/.
GANSEKI OTOSHI (rock drop)
Original name of SEOI-NAGE or SEOI-OTOSHI
GARAMI (armlock)
This technique is applied by bending the UKE’s arm at an angle, then applying a counter-force against the elbow. (See SANKAKU GARAMI, UDE GARAMI).
GARAMI
To entwine: a twisting or curling. Action used when immobilizing the opponent.
GARI (reaping)
GARI occurs if the leg bearing UKE’s weight is pulled, reaped or chopped away as the upper part of the body is pushed in the opposite direction.
GATAME
‘Keeping under control’ (See KATAME).
GEIKO/KEIKO
Training instruction
GENSOKU
Principle
GERI/KERI (kick)
There are a few kicks in JUDO in ATEMI WAZA (See KATAS of JUDO /KODOKAN GOSHIN JUTSU/.
GETA (wooden sandals)
Geta are raised wooden sandals with straps for wear with casual KIMONO or the YUKATA. This type of sandal, known from the YAYOI period, and finally geta during the EDO period. Today in modern Japan , many serious JUDO trainers continue to wear geta for several hours each day..
GLAHN, KLAUS (1942-)
West German JUDO heavyweight category at the 1964 Olympic Games in Tokyo. At the 1972 Olympics he captured a silver medal, losing the world champion Wilhelm Ruska. Glahn has been European JUDO Champion in 1963, 1968, and 1970, and has won silver medals at 1967 and 1969 WORLD CHAMPIONSHIPS. Glahn is noted for his devastating tai-otoshi and superiror matwork.
GLEESON, GEOFFREY ROBERT (1927-1994)
British JUDO instructor and coach of British National JUDO Team. He was the first non-Oriental to became a special research student at the KODOKAN, studying there from 1952 to 1955. In 1955, he was appointing chief instructor of the BUDOKWAI, and two years later, captained a British team that won the European JUDO Championships. He is the author of JUDO for the West, The Anatomy of JUDO, and Better JUDO
GOHO-ATE (five-direction strike)
A hand strike technique in SEIRYOKU ZEN’YO KOKUMINTAIIKU KATA, See Sec. of KATAS of JUDO)
GOHO-GERI (five-direction kick)
(A kicking technique in SEIRYOKU ZEN’YO KOKUMIN TAIIKU KATA)
GOKYO NO WAZA (five sets of techniques)
The Gokyo no Waza is the standard syllabus of Judo throwing techniques originated in 1895 at the Kodokan in Tokyo, Japan. From 1920 to 1982 the Kodokan Gokyo no Waza was made up of the 40 throws in 5 groups as shown in Sec. of SYSTEMS of JUDO. In 1982 additional techniques (Dai-rokukyo and Shinmeisho No Waza) were added to recognize standard Judo throws that were not part of the Gokyo.
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1982 Modern Gokyo no Waza
Dai Ikkyo (Ist group)
1. Deashi Harai (Forward Foot Sweep)
2. Hiza Guruma (Knee Wheel)
3. Sasáé Tsurikomi Ashi (Lifting Puliing Ankle Block)
4. Uki Goshi (Floating Hip)
5. Osoto Gari (Large Outer Reaping)
6. O Goshi (Large Hip Throw)
7. Ouchi Gari (Large Inner Reaping)
8. Seoi Nage (Two Arm Shoulder Throw)
Dai Nikyo (2nd group)
1. Kosoto Gari (Small Outside Reap)
2. Kouchi Gari (Small Inner Reap)
3. Koshi Guruma (Hip Wheel)
4. Tsurikomi Goshi (Lifting Puliing Hip)
5. Okuriashi Harai (Following Foot Sweep)
6. Tai Otoshi (Body Drop)
7. Harai Goshi (Sweeping Hip Throw)
8. Uchi Mata (Inner Thigh Throw)
Sankyo (3rd group)
1. Kosoto Gake (Small Outside Hook)
2. Tsuri Goshi (Lifting Hip)
3. Yoko Otoshi (Side Drop)
4. Ashi Guruma (Lég Wheel)
5. Hane Goshi (Spring Hip Throw)
6. Harai Tsurikomi Ashi(Lifting Puliing Foot Sweep)
7. Tomoe Nage (Circle Throw)
8. Kata Guruma (Shoulder Wheel)
Yonkyo (4th group)
1. Sumi Gaeshi (Corner Reversal)
2. Tani Otoshi (Valley Drop)
3. Hane Makikomi (Spring Wrap-around Throw)
4. Sukui Nage (Scoop Throw)
5. Utsuri Goshi (Changing Hip Throw)
6. O Guruma (Large Wheel)
7. Soto Makikomi (Outer Wrap Around)
8. Uki Otoshi (Floating Drop)
Gokyo (5th group)
1. Osoto Guruma (Large Outer Wheel)
2. Uki Waza (Floating Technique)
3. Yoko Wakare (Side Separation)
4. Yoko Guruma (Side Wheel)
5. Ushiro Goshi (Rear Hip Throw)
6. Ura Nage (Rear Throw)
7. Sumi Otoshi (Corner Drop)
8. Yoko Gake (Side Hook)
Habukareta Waza (preserved techniques from 1895 gokyo)
1. Obi Otoshi (Beit Drop)
2. Seoi Otoshi (Shoulder Drop)
3. Yama Arashi (Mountain Storm)
4. Osoto Otoshi (Large Outer Drop)
5. Daki Wakare (High Lift and Separate)
6. Hikikomi Gaeshi (Pulling-in Reversal)
7. Tawara Gaeshi (Rice Balé Reversal)
8. Uchi Makikomi (Inner Wraparound)
Shinmeisho No Waza (newly accepted techniques)
1. Morote Gari (hand technique)
2. Kuchiki Taoshi
3. Kibisu Gaeshi (Heel Trip Reversal)
4. Uchi Mata Sukashi (hand technique)
5. Daki Age (High Lift)
6. Tsubame Gaeshi (Swallow's Flight Reversal)
7. Kouchi Gaeshi
8. Ouchi Gaeshi
9. Osoto Gaeshi
10. Harai Goshi Gaeshi
11. Uchi Mata Gaeshi
12. Hane Goshi Gaeshi
13. Kani Basami (Flying Scissors)
14. Osoto Makikomi (Major Outer Wrap Around)
15. Kawazu Gak§
16. Harai Makikomi (Sweeping Wraparound)
17. Uchi Mata Makikomi (Inner Thigh Wrap Around)
18. Sódé Tsurikomi Goshi (Sleeve Lifting Puliing Hip)
19. Ippon Seoinage (One Arm Shoulder Throw)
1920 Gokyo no Waza
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Dai Ikkyo (1st group)
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Dai Nikyo (2nd group)
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Dai Sankyo (3rd group
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Dai Yonkyo (4th group)
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Dai Gokyo (5th group)
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De-ashi-harai Hiza-guruma Sasae-tsurikomi-ashi Uki-goshi O-soto-garí O-goshi
O-uchi-gari Seoi-nage
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Ko-soto-gari Ko-uchi-gari Koshi-guruma Tsurikomi-goshi Okuri-ashi-harai Tai-otoshi
Harai-goshi Uchi-mata
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Ko-soto-gake Tsuri-goshi Yoko-otoshi Ashi-guruma Hane-goshi Harai- tsurikomi-ashi Tomoe-nage Kata-guruma
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Sumi-gaeshi Tani-otoshi Hane-makikomi Sukui-nage Utsuri-goshi O-guruma
Soto-makikomi Uki-otoshi
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O-soto-guruma Uki-waza Yoko-wakare Yokoguruma Ushiro-goshi Ura-nage
Sumi-otoshi Yoko-gake
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1895 Gokyo no Waza
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Dai Ikkyo (1st group)
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Dai Nikkyo (2nd group)
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Dai Sankyo (3rd group)
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Dai Yonkyo (4th group)
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Dai Gokyo (5th group)
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Hiza-guruma Sasae-turikomi-ashi Uki-goshi Tai-otoshi O-soto-gari De-ashi-harai Yoko-otoshi
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Sumi-gaeshi O-goshi Ko-soto-gari Koshi-guruma Seoi-nage Tomoe-nage Tani-otoshi
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Okuri-ashi-harai Harai-goshi Ushiro-goshi Ura-nage Uchi-mata Obi-otoshi Hane-goshi
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Uki-otoshi Uki-waza Daki-wakare Kata-guruma Hiki-komi-gaeshi Soto-makikomi Tsuri-goshi Utsuri-goshi
O-soto-otoshi Tawara-gaeshi
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Yoko-guruma Yoko-wakare Uchi-makikomi Ko-uchi-gari Ashi-guruma Seoi-otoshi Yoko-gake Harai-tsurikomi- ashi Yama-arashi O-soto-guruma Tsurikomi-goshi
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For READING
Geesink, Anton, Gokyo: principles of Judo”, London, United Kingdom, W. Foulsham, 1967, 96p, ISBN 0572004516
GO NO KATA (Form of “Hardness”)
GO NO SEN (reactive initiative)
Go no sen" (Counterattack style Judo) is a Kaeshi-waza (Counter techniques) which is used against a Waza
that the opponent has initiated.
In Judo, the term "Go no sen" (Counterattack style Judo) refers to an immediate counterattack in response to the opponent's attack, thereby taking the opponent by surprise and turning the tables
on him / her. Following the opponent's initial attack, one uses Tai-sabaki (Body shifting / Body control) to change the conditions and expose the opponent's weak point, thereby reversing the flow
and putting oneself in the advantageous position.
Similar maneuvers include the Go sen no sen (Counterattack technique), and the Sen sen no sen (Preemptive technique).
GO NO SEN NO KATA (known also as NAGE URA no KATA)
It is a non-KODOKAN KATA. “Forms of Counterthrowing”. Originally constructed by MIFUNE Kyuzo, tenth DAN master-teacher of the KODOKAN, and it is practiced at some universities in JAPAN.
GO NIN GAKE (five man take down)
A training method used frequently in Japan to sharpen top performers “One against five”. In this exercise one competitor will face 5 opponents and attempt to defeat them
all consecutively with a period of time.
GOSHI
Hip
GOSHIN
Self-defense
GOSHIN JUTSU KATA (Kodokan Self-defense Forms)
The KODOKAN Goshin Jutsu is the most recent KATA, which was created in 1956 by a KODOKAN working group. This KATA is closely related to KIME no KATA and consists
of 21 techniques against an unarmed, as well armed attacker. It shows the influence of Kenji TOMIKI (1900-1979), one of Jigoro KANO’s students, who also studied AIKIDO under the founder of AIKIDO, Morihei UESHIBA (1883-1969).
Unarmed Close-in Attacks by Holding
Ryote dori - two hand hold
Hidari eri dori- left lapel hold
Migi eri dori - right lapel hold
Kata ude dori - single hand hold
Ushiro eri dori- back collar hold
Ushiro jime - rear choke
Kakae dori - rear seizure
Unarmed Attack at a Distance
Naname uchi - slanting strike
Ago tsuki - uppercut
Gammen tsuki- thrust punch or jab
Mae geri- front kick
Yoko geri - side kick
Armed Attack - Knife
Tsukkake - close in thrust
Choku zuki - straight thrust
Naname zuki - slanting stab
Armed Attack – Stick
Furiage- upswing against a stick
Furioroshi- downswing against a stick
Morote zuke - two hand thrust
Armed Attack - Gun
Shomen zuke - pistol held to abdomen
Koshi gamae - pistol at side
Haimen zuke - pistol against the back
For Reading
Cornish, J.P., „Go-shin-jutsu: judo self defence Kata”, UL United kingdom, British Judo Association, 1984
GOSHIN-HO
Modern Forms of Women’s Self-Defense
This kata originated in 1943 and was created by the second president of the Kodokan Judo Institute. According to Steven R. Cunningham, "The Joshi Goshinho was the construction of Jiro Nango, who was Kano�s nephew and who took over the directorship of the Kodokan after Kano died. He managed the Kodokan through the World War II years. Kano had been concerned about the Kodokan being taken over by the military as a place to train soldiers for combat. To that end, a lot of the old methods of goshinjutsu were hidden away and weren�t publicly taught any more. And after WWII ended, with the Occupation forces, the Kodokan couldn�t operate at all for a while. When it did operate, it was under some restrictions so the goshin waza weren�t taught. Jiro Nango constructed the Joshi Goshinho because he thought there was a need to preserve the self-defense techniques for the women in the Women�s Division."
Tai-sabaki
- Tai-no-ido (body movement)
- Tsugi-ashi (following foot)
- Migi-sabaki, Hidari-sabaki (right and left movement)
- Migi-mae-sabaki, Hidari-mae-sabaki (right and left forward movement)
- Migi-harai, Hidari-harai (right and left sweep)
- Migi-maware, Hidari-maware (right and left turn about)
- Mae-shizume, Migi-shizume, Hidari-shizume (front, right and left sinking down)
- Hiza-ate (knee strike)
Ridatsu-ho
- Kata-te-tekubi-dori (single hand wrist hold)
- Ryo-te-kata-te-dori (double hand wrist hold)
- Shishi-gyaku-dori (reverse four finger hold)
- Ude-kakae-dori (arm wrap hold)
- Ushiro-dori (rear hold)
Seigo-ho
- Ude-gyaku-dori (reverse arm hold)
- Ushiro-eri-dori (rear collar hold)
- Ushiro-kubi-himo-jime (rear neck rope choke)
- Ushiro-dori (rear hold)
- Kyohaku-dori (frontal hold)
GRACIE JUJUTSU
Brazilian JUJUTSU. It was founded by Helio Gracie (1913- ) of Brazil. Since the early 1900s, KANO Jigoro had been sending his greatest experts to destinations around the world. The man he sent to Brazil was MAEDA Mitsuyo (1880-1941) and among his pupils was Gracie, who had since left to set up his own school teaching what he called Gracie JUJITSU, his own form of JUDO.Helio stood out the most of the brothers and developed the original techniques into what is now called Gracie JUJUTSU. The Gracie family is the largest “sport” family in the history with 40 members. The Gracie family is known for having an open challenge for anyone to fight against their JUJUTSU.
For READING
Machado, Jean Jacques: Peligro, Kid, “Brazilian Jiu-jitsu: Championship techniques”, Monpelier, Vermont, USA, Invisible cities press, 2004, 272p ISBN 1931229376.
Gracie, Carlson : Fernandez, Julio "Foca", " Brazilian Jiu-jitsu : For experts only ",
Monpelier, Vermont, United States, Invisible cities press, 2004, 253p, 27 cm, LIB, ISBN 1931229341.
Gracie, Renzo : Gracie, Royler : Peligro, Kid, " Brazilian Jiu-jitsu : Theory and technique ", Monpelier, Vermont, United States, Invisible cities press, 2001, 256p, 27 cm, LIB, ISBN
1931229082.
Gracie, Renzo : Danaher, John, " Mastering Jujitsu ", Champaign, IL, United States, Human Kinetics, 2003, 233p, 27 cm, LIB, ISBN 0736044043.
GURUMA (wheel)
In GURUMA type throws the opponent is rotated or wheeled round some static part of the TORi’s body. (See ASHI GURUMA, HIZA GURUMA, KATA GURUMA, KOSHI GURUMA, O-GURUMA, OSOTO GURUMA, TE-GURUMA, YOKO GURUMA)
GYAKU
The contrary, the opposite, converse
GYAKU JUJI JIME/SHIME (reverse cross strangle)
A lock. It is a groundwork (NEWAZA) technique. Same as NAMI JUJI JIME (SHIME) (Natural Cross Strangle), but position of your hands are different, with palms up and your fingers deep under collar.
GYAKU NI MOTSU
To hold UKE`s lapel with the fingers on the inside and the thumbs on the outside.
GYAKU TE DORI (reserve two-hand hold)
A movement in SEIRYOKU ZEN’YO KOKUMIN TAIIKU KATA
(See KATAS of JUDO)
GYAKU TSUKI
1, reverse punch (Movement 1 in GO NO KATA)
2, reverse punch (in KARATE)
It was said this punch came from Karate into JUDO. The fact that KANO and Funakoshi /Founder of Karate-Do/ were good friends; “Shotokan Karate was traditionally taught at the KODOKAN. But KANO Jigoro formed GO NO KATA before 1900. Funakoshi Gichin (1868-1957) was too young at that time to be instructing KANO.